Man Who Coined Term "Artificial Intelligence" Dies at 84
True artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the many Holy Grails of computing, and on a much smaller scale, AI is what separates potentially awesome games from really crappy ones. John McCarthy, a math geek born in Boston, coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at a conference at Dartmouth College way back in 1956 and was a major pioneer in the field of AI research. He passed away this week at the age of 84, Stanford Engineering said in a Twitter post.
Along with promoting AI research, McCarthy will be remembered for creating the Lisp programming language, now one of the oldest high-level programming languages still in use (Fortran is the other).
"I came up with the name when I had to write the proposal to get research support for the conference from teh Rockefeller Foundation," McCarthy told CNet in 2006. "And to tell you the truth, the reason for the name is, I was thinking about the participants rather than the funder."
McCarthy became a professor at Stanford in 1962 and remained as such until he retired in 2000. He won the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1971, along with several other accolades throughout the years. He kept a personal webpage you can visit here.
Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons
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Silencer
October 25, 2011 at 12:27pm
[This is something I wrote up for some work that I'm doing, and it's unfinished. I just added the last two sentences to the first paragraph. I figured, why not throw this up. (I had to redact some.)]
Artificial Intelligence
By Stephen D. Summers
July 6, 2011
Artificial Intelligence is a science, which may never be fully realized, at least in some of the ways in which it is currently envisioned. In short, it revolves around: "Making machines think." The concept is older than "Pinocchio", in which life is given to a wooden boy, who then struggles with lying. Credit for coining the term goes to John McCarthy, who also believed that, "human material progress is desirable and sustainable." Of course it is, sir.
Artificial Intelligence, (also called A.I.,) exists on many levels. Although this is wildly inaccurate, let us say that the 'lowest' level of functioning A.I., would be a "switch", such as a regular light switch. The current 'highest', or 'holy grail' of A.I. technology, is the human mind; Which we have not yet achieved, and possibly never will. (The mind of GOD would be the highest to attempt to emulate, of course, while absolutely avoiding any blasphemy.)
However, we have made great strides in replicating many mind functions, with actual working, and even useful, software. For example, an A.I. was allowed to compete on Jeopardy! lately. It did really well. Computers are now also capable of measuring all possible chess moves in a reasonable amount of time, making them virtually unbeatable. Only absolute perfection, could beat the latest computer chess A.I..
That was the rough introduction and overview of A.I.. Now, a more useful commentary...
I am working on a computer program, to be released REDACTED. It is REDACTED, and will require many complex modules to be developed, and work in conjunction. Most of what needs coded is relatively cut-and-dry. But a couple of the modules, are more 'fluid', as far as how to code them, and what they'll be able to do. The most interesting, flexible and complicated of these, is the A.I. module.
The purpose of my program, is REDACTED. The primary purpose, is also difficult to quantify. Let us say, it is: REDACTED
When developing new technology, it helps to have a target. As the U.S. Air Force has said, "Aim High." Of course, the current 'highest' that could be achieved, is the human mind. So let's examine that for a moment.
People have some kind of energy in them, that isn't measurable by current science. I like to call it the "Spark". The Spark. The Spark of 'Life'. It provides SO many functions to us. It is where our "Ideas" come from, and what motivates us to "Do" things. It helps us put all things into contexts, and highlights points of interest, or importance. It grows and develops, at least until death. It provides our consciences, telling us right from wrong, guiding us all of our lives, if we choose to listen. The "Spark of Life", can only be given by GOD. We can emulate or imitate, but not create, it. This is what I mean by: "Artificial Intelligence, is a science, which may never be fully realized, at least in some of the ways in which it is currently envisioned."
There are also sciences involving transferring a human mind, into a new brain or body. That science is well beyond the scope of this paper, but I would like to say something on that, (that those who are involved, already know.) The moment the soul is separated from the body, equals death. Ripping somebody to pieces, accomplishes that. Think we'll ever have transporters like in Star Trek? Got to solve that problem.
Notice that in the last paragraph, I used the word 'soul'. That is the same as my 'spark', above. Same thing. So, if we wish to emulate a soul, we should learn about souls. Where do we go to learn rightly, about 'souls'. The Word of GOD, of course. (JESUS is LORD, by the way. HE proved it.)
According to [the Word of GOD], a soul is composed of three? main parts: Reason, emotion, and desire, or, think, feel, and want. No, this is falling terribly short. [Google] doesn't hold all of the answers, lol! :O)
From what I can surmise from the Word, these are the things we need to consider...
Keep the 'Trinary' (or possibly Quadrary,) concept above, in mind.
REDACTED
REDACTED
It's where its "Ideas" come from
It's what motivates it to "Do" things
It puts all things into contexts
It highlights points of interest, or importance
It grows and develops, at least until death
It provides its conscience, telling it right from wrong, guiding it all of its life, if it chooses to listen.
Above all, the machine must serve GOD and man. (There will be argument here.)
REDACTED
The "Spark of Life", can only be given by GOD.
....... Work-up 'Human Mind Emulation' Flowchart.
REDACTED
The ability of a growing person, to assign meaning, to various words and observations. And then recall them appropriately, and compare and weigh them appropriately, create a new strong or weak idea, creating an opinion idea, to store with the knowledges. Additional 'on-point' relations, have corresponding, original, or stream-of idea, adjustments, which should shortly and clearly restate the original corrected, at every step. If made too large, split intelligently into two or more topics of knowledge.
REDACTED
REDACTED
Aristotle theorized that the soul was comprised of different elements, which may or may not be distinct from one another. He described two different ones as “irrational”. Each element of the soul is comprised of divisions of sub-elements or facilities that belong to the respective main element. In the first element that he described in The Nicomachean Ethics, is a vegetative facility that is not much consequence to furthering human excellence. In another irrational element described, there is a general “desiring” division, within which exists an appetitive facility. This other irrational element was influenced, unlike the first one, by a person’s rational and irrational principles. Lastly, the whole soul takes part of activities. One of the important activities was the constant movement toward the realization of happiness. The figure on the following page shows the relationship between all of the parts of a soul and principles. Note that the words continent and incontinent do not show up on the diagram, since they describe a particular type of person that is not an integral part of the soul, but a result of how the soul is raised.
BTW, you're welcome for the goodness, that I *should've* also, redacted... :O) Let's keep it between us guys.
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stradric
October 25, 2011 at 10:26am
But he didn't create the iPod so he doesn't get a Discovery documentary. Sorry...
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thetechchild
October 25, 2011 at 8:43pm
Well, to be honest... That's how the consumer mind works. Nobody will care as much about AI and Lisp, or C++ and Unix, as the iDevices. Really, it's a bit pointless to bitch about it, unless you want to start a cultural reform or something.
Of course, I definitely acknowledge Ritchie and McCarthy's contributions as equal to or greater than that of Jobs', considering the concrete descendants and usage today of their ideas.
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