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January 13, 2012 at 2:26am

i've seen lots of paper tapes and punch cards in my dads room and they were always a mistery to me in childhood

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January 02, 2012 at 1:17am

I agree, I remember using 5.25 in the early 90's.  Playing Oregon Train
on a green screen in computer class back in elementary school.  My
nephew is 10 and does not even know what a floppy is. Some how that
storage held on for WAY to long, thank god for flash drives.  Burning a
CD was never practical for moving pictures or music.  My 1st MP3 I had
to use a file splitter to put it on a couple floppys to give to a
friend.

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paper tape contained patterns of holes to represent recorded data. But unlike its rigid counterpart rolls of paper tape could feed much more data in one continuous stream and it was incredibly cheap to boot.

 

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while others hearken all the way back to cassette tapes. And if you've lived long enough to remember the IBM Punch Card first hand, just ask and we'll SPEAK LOUDER.

 

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April 30, 2010 at 1:11am

While Sun's StorageTek T10000 tape drive may seem out of place at this
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March 09, 2009 at 11:21am

And BetaMax? After all, cassette tapes (!!) were mentioned.

I worked for a company (Alpha Microsystems) that, for years, produced hardware that would copy data to video tape formats, using a standard analog video signal. Because the data was a video signal, any video format -- at the time, VHS or Beta -- could be used, and your backup drive was a standard VCR. The main disadvantages -- capacity (100-200Mb/cassette) and bandwidth (2.5 hours to back up 200 Mb) were not disadvantages at the time (early 80's), and were far outweighed by the low cost (+/- $200 for the "drive", and $5 or so for the "media") and reliability.

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Old Graybeard John

March 07, 2009 at 3:29am

Back in the 1970s our neighbor's company was replacing their "IBM card" system with magnetic tape.

 

They gave us boxes of IBM cards. They burn extremely well, and were excellent tinder for starting fires in our fireplace or while camping.

 

I'm old enough to remember when the job that trade schools advertised on matchbooks/TV etc was "keypunch operator." 

And I'm only 48.

judithh

March 06, 2009 at 6:08pm

I am aware of at least one company still using a punched card system for billing in Feb. 2009.  Some technology os more durable than others,

sophistem

March 06, 2009 at 2:55pm

Totally left out Bubble Memory.  It's just as unique as any of the other major memory storage techniques.  It was set to SAVE THE WORLD, but then super magneto resistance drives and the cheap densities won the day.  I still have a laptop that uses it.

Ubik

March 06, 2009 at 1:39pm

You also neglected to mention the holographic disc drives with a base capacity of 300GB. They are supposed to be going up to 1.6TB per disc, but have been slow to be adopted and developed.

anonuser

March 06, 2009 at 12:51pm

MC Hammer wore "Hammer Pants". If you want to thank someone for Parachute pants, you should thank the break dancers of the early 80s, not MC Hammer and his "Hammer Pants" of the early 90s (assuming Hammer Don't Hurt Em is the beginning of MC Hammer's mainstream popularity, and thus ignoring his earlier work in the late 80s). As a child of the 80s, I am deeply disturbed by this article's "error".

anonuser

March 06, 2009 at 11:27am

Excellent article, but you left out the fatal flaw in the story of hte Zip disks:  the click of death.

Although they were popular, just about every owner of a Zip disk that I ever knew experienced it.  It killed your drive and destroyed your data.  

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_of_death

SAS Rover

March 06, 2009 at 10:02am

This article is interesting (and nostalgic) to read, but it is definitely not a definitive or accurate list.

As well as the Hollerith (80 column) card, there was it's replacement that didn't catch on many places, a smaller card with 100 columns but about 2" narrower.  Also, many, many places used the Hollerith card beyond 1975 (as stated on the site) into the 80's.

Magnetic tape did not get it's due recognition and that as well as the Hollerith card, it predated the digital computer.  Fritz Pfleumer invented the magnetic tape in 1928 in Germany.  BASF was the first commercial manufacturer of magnetic tape.  In 1951 Univac made use of magnetic tape, a year before IBM did.  There were some interesting uses of mag tape over the years.  I remember very well the 8" & 16" tape reels using 3/4" tape maintained by human tape librarians and later the "tape farms" with robotic librarians with 2" wide spools of tape on small spindles in a "honeycomb" system.

The author did not address hard drives.  IBM introduced the first disc drive in 1956.  I remember removable single disc hard drives in mid range machines like DEC's, HP's and IBM 1200's, as well as, the external multi plater hard drives on the IBM 360, 370 and 3090 mainframes.

Does anyone remember the Bernoulli drives of the 80s before Zip and Jaz drives?  At that time we thought that was a gigantic amount of removable data storage. 

 

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tortoiseandhare

March 06, 2009 at 8:03am

One device I haven't seen mentioned is the NCR CRAM drive.  CRAM stood for Card Random Access Memory.  The device was similar in size to an old mainframe tape drive, but instead of a spool of tape, the data was stored on a deck of 255 magnetic cards, each about 3" wide and 14" long.  Each card in the deck had a series of notches on one end that was unique, and the entire deck would hang from a series of 8 half-moon shaped rods.  The rods were mechanically manipulated so that just one of the 255 cards at a time would drop from the deck, go down a chute and position itself on a spinning drum, where it could be written or read.  The card would remain on the drum until a gate was programatically opened, at which time the card would whoosh up the exit chute and around to the top of the deck, where it would rejoin the others.  As you can imagine, there was a lot of air and noise involved when these were in operation.  Each deck was held in a cartridge that compressed them together and enabled the deck to be easily hung on the rods.  The cartridge could then be released and lifted away, allowing the airflow to spread the cards out so that they didn't stick to each other.  A glass rod could be used to shake them up if necessary.

I operated a NCR 315 in the mid 60's with two of these devices, and occasionally two cards would drop at once, creating a terrible squeal when they both hit the drum.  This would require a shutdown and extraction of the damaged cards, sometimes with needlenosed pliers.  The damaged cards were replaced by notching blank cards with a hand held punch and replacing into the deck.  If they had data on them, the card would be restored from like card in a backup deck.  If there was no backup, well, too bad.  When the company later  converted to an IBM 360 mainframe, the only medium the two machines had in common was punched paper tape.  We did a lot of punching and spooling during the conversion.

 Google NCR CRAM for more information on these monsters.

PeteCal

March 06, 2009 at 7:08am

How about drum memory?  A rolling drum with a magnetic head for each track.  If your computer used 12 bit words, you had 12 heads to store and retrieve words in parallel.  A lot faster than serial tapes.

 Also, I built a LSI-11 based computer using an audio cassette tape drive from a car.  Normally the max data rate would be 300 baud or so but I discovered the motor drive used only a few volts.  I upped it to close to 12 volts so the tape ran a lot faster.  Then I could record at 9600 baud.

 

And my Atari used 5 inch floppys.

PeteCal

wk

March 06, 2009 at 12:10am

Really great article, it remind me of many sweet memories;

my first computer: Zx spectrum using cassette recorder (waiting for 10 minutes loading, hold your breath and then TAPE LOADING ERROR)

then came Atari ST and Amiga using 3.5" flobby disks (loading 4 disks to run single application).

Funny thing is this article disclose person age!!

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Dave-O

March 05, 2009 at 8:09pm

A few that were left out:

Diablo Disk - 1.6MB fixed, 1.6MB removable. 10" hard aluminum media.

CDC Hawk disk drives. 5 MB fixed, 5 MB removable. 10" Aluminum media.

IBM/CDC and other multi-disk washing-machine style disks. 25 to 500 MB 10" aluminum media.

Fujitsu Eagle-style 8" winchester disks.

IPI 5" hard drives from CDC in 250 MB.

And others I can't remember either.

One that stands out is the VRC drum memory. Gotta love a storage device that thakes 30 minutes to spin down after the power is turned off.

 

-Dave-O

 

 

 

 

 

 

jtgd

March 05, 2009 at 6:06pm

How could they forget DDS (DAT) tapes? I had one when they were just 2GB back in the late 90's, and I believe they are still in use today.

Paul Braden

March 05, 2009 at 4:12pm

Wow...this is a great article. It brings back so many good memories. Please print more articles like this!

bobjr94

March 05, 2009 at 2:05pm

 The problem with these kids now a days and there fancy dvd's and blu rays is they are not durable at all and they are to big.You cant hardly put a cd,dvd, blu ray,etc... in your pocket, maybe a coat pocket, but its not really very convent. Then they are very easily scratched, cds still kind of play with scratches, dvds are more picky and I have had blu rays that skip or get stuck and I can not even see the scratchs. I remember the old game cartrages, for nintendo or sega, they can sit on the floor for years, get stepped on, pop stilled on them, carry them in your pocket for a month and they still work. Hopefully with in a few years we move to all solid state storage. So when you goto the store and buy an album or movie, it will come in a flash card or drive of some type. No moving parts to break or wear out either on your media player.
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March 05, 2009 at 1:39pm

The IBM magnetic tape, in the reel format as shown in the picture, actually only had a capacity of 170 megabytes, at 6250 BPI and a length of 2400 feet.  I don't know where the 1 terabyte number came from but it doesn't apply to the standard 9-track reel tape.

Diodeus

March 05, 2009 at 1:00pm

"Your next build may very well come configured with dual-SSD drives in a RAID 0 array for the OS"

SSD = Solid State Drive

SSD Drive = Solid State Drive Drive?

 

radish

March 05, 2009 at 1:00pm

If a punch card holds 960 bits (or 120 bytes), and a reel of IBM magnetic tape holds the equivalent of 10,000 punch cards, how is the capacity of IBM magnetic tape 1TB?  My math says 1,200,000 bytes, or just over 1 MB.

shadowspawn

March 05, 2009 at 12:27pm

Besides missing the drums (and yes, I remember those huge things with ol blue and gray), you missed SyQuest cartridge drives. These drives were similar to Zip's in theory, however they were simply cartridge-based hard platters and not floppy.

They were very very popular in the garment industry, and graphics industry. Instead of moving a file over the (shudder) 1/base-t network, you could transfer data from computer to computer quite easily.  Wiki SyQuest. I still have some of the platters laying around too.