In Search of the Ultimate Back Up
Backup Storage Devices
Where can you store a backup? While you can use almost any currently-available storage device to hold a backup, each type of device has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. With choices ranging from flash drives to the cloud, you should be able to find one or more options that are the right fit for you.
USB flash drives or memory cards
With capacities ranging as high as 256GB (Kingston’s DataTraveler 310), flash memory drives and cards are generally large enough to store file backups.
One big benefit of using a USB flash drive or memory card for individual project backup is the ease of backup: just drag the files or folders to the drive. That’s it! There’s no need to format the media or restore the files before you can use them. If you want to make file transfer even easier (especially if you change some files on your media on a regular basis and want to transfer only changed files), use a sync program such as the free Microsoft SyncToy (discussed later in this article).
When is flash the preferred way to go? For individual projects, like tax papers, photos from your last vacation or work you take home. Flash drives are not cost-effective for storing full system images or full user data backup--their cost per GB is much higher than CD or DVDs. If you need to store greater amounts of information, consider using optical media instead.
Optical media (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray)
Although writeable Blu-Ray media (BD-R and BD-RE) can hold 25GB (single-layer) and 50GB (dual-layer), compared to 4.7GB for a single layer DVD and 8.5GB for a dual-layer DVD, DVD media hits the “sweet spot” in terms of cost per GB and widespread compatibility. With Windows Vista and Windows 7 incorporating UDF capabilities, you can now use rewriteable DVD media between systems with little fear of incompatibility. With some backup programs such as Acronis True Image, Norton Ghost, and Retrospect Express, you can specify that backup files being written to a hard disk be sized for eventual transfer to DVD for archiving.
Although many image backup programs also support optical media, be prepared for lots of disc swapping if you are creating a file or image backup that will take more than two or three DVDs or Blu-ray discs. If you format the media using UDF instead of mastered, you can use drag-and-drop file copying to transfer files to the media instead of a backup program.
To save yourself time and media space, use a "high" compression rate as opposed to a "standard" rate, but avoid using a "maximum" compression rate, as that usually takes up much more time.
However, before you decide to use optical media for backup, make sure your backup program supports media spanning (which enables you to have a backup stored on multiple discs). Check discs periodically for areas of discoloration on the media side; discoloration is a sign of so-called “disc rot,” which is the deterioration of the reflective layer. If you see discoloration, transfer the files on the disc to another disc immediately. Be sure to protect the media from excessive heat or from breakage threats; a cracked optical disc is useless.
Best use: backups of individual projects and long-term storage. High-quality media can be stored for many years, especially if you use recordable (CD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R, or BD-R) instead of rewriteable media. If you create backups to an external hard disk and use the option to size the backup files to fit on a DVD, you can periodically transfer older backup files from hard disk to DVD or Blu-ray.
External Hard Drive
External hard drives represent the best balance between cost per GB and backup performance for users looking for local backup. External hard disks can be divided into two categories: desktop external drives are based on 3.5-inch hard disks and require an AC adapter for power. Portable external drives use 1.8-inch or 2.5-inch drive mechanisms, so they can be powered by the USB bus (a few might require a two-headed USB cable, depending upon the design of the host computer’s USB ports). However, portable drives are slower and more expensive per GB than desktop drives. In terms of capacity, desktop drives win out, with capacities up to 3TB. However, some portable drives now have capacities as high as 1.5TB.

Seagate’s new 1.5TB GoFlex UltraPortable hard disk has interchangeable interfaces.
To back up information to an external hard disk, you can use drag-and-drop file copying, Windows command-line utilities such as Xcopy or Robocopy, or file and/or image backup programs.
Because of the capacity of portable and desktop external drives, you can use them for any size backup, from an individual project to a system image or file backup with virtually all backup programs. To avoid data loss, don’t drop a backup drive and, if you have identical models of drives you use for backup and for other tasks, identify the drives with different labels using the drive properties sheet in Windows as well as stick-on labels or custom LED labels built into certain hard disk models.

Western Digital’s new My Book Essential USB 3.0 is available in capacities up to 3TB and also works in USB 2.0 mode
What interface should you use? From the standpoint of speed, the new USB 3.0 standard blows away USB 2.0, and is currently comparable to eSATA. eSATA never showed up on a lot of external hard drives anyways, and with the rise of USB 3.0, eSATA is likely to fade away.
Western Digital, Seagate and many others now offer USB 3.0 versions of both portable and desktop drives , and if you don’t already have USB 3.0 ports, there are lots of vendors offering PCIe cards for desktop PCs and ExpressCard cards for portable PCs. These cards enable you to connect USB 3.0 drives to your PC so you can connect USB 3.0 hard disks. By using USB 3.0 for backup instead of USB 2.0 backup, you can perform backups about five times faster. Thus, instead of waiting overnight for a backup, you might be able to complete it in just a few hours. Before using a USB 3.0 drive for backup, check with your backup vendor to determine if USB 3.0 is supported. For example, users of Acronis True Image Home need to upgrade to the 2011 version to have USB 3.0 support.

A typical dual-port USB 3.0 add-on card from EVGA
The Cloud (online backup)
The term “cloud computing” goes back to 1997, but the idea of storing backups in the cloud is a lot more recent. As mobile devices become more popular and users spend more time away from their desks, the idea of using the “cloud” as a backup destination is catching on. Cloud-based backup wouldn’t be possible without the convergence of several trends, including fast processors able to run background processes without bogging down, fast broadband Internet connections for computers and mobile devices, and powerful end-to-end encryption to assure that nobody but you can view your backups or restore them.
The speed of online backup is affected by several factors, including the upload speed of your Internet connection and the priority you assign to the backup task. With typical home DSL or cable Internet services, your upload speed is a small fraction of your download speed. For example, with a 10Mbps (download) cable Internet service, your upload speed is typically about 1Mbps. A 3Mbps DSL service typically offers a 512Kbps upload speed. While cloud-based backup provides secure offline backup, finishing your first backup can literally take days.

The initial backup of the author’s laptop on Carbonite takes several days.
How to Safeguard Your Backup
While cloud-based backup solves the problem of safeguarding your backup, if you use local storage, you need a way to safeguard your backups.
Ideally, a backup should be stored off-site, away from the home or office where the backed-up computers are found. Some possible options for storage include safe deposit boxes or data rated safes.
If you use external 3.5-inch or 2.5-inch backup drives, CDs, or DVDs, you can use data safe-rated safes to protect your information off-site or on-site. Be sure to check interior capacity and ETL fire and water ratings. The larger the capacity and the higher the fire and water protection ratings, the more expensive the safe. Some companies offering these safes include Sentry Safe, FireKing, and SafetyFile.

The Sentry Safe 1710 Fire Data Storage Chest.