GreenTurtle

November 25, 2010 at 7:25pm

The only way to get experience is to do it, learn from mistakes, and educate yourself if the interest is there. Everyone starts somewhere, and everyone starts at the same place... new.

k11k

June 10, 2009 at 10:34pm

Its linux, they just say your computer isn't working and be nice enough to help you get a new one.

MaxFan

June 10, 2009 at 10:24am

Sigh.  Ok One more time for those of you who STILL dont get it.  The Scientific Method is neither straight Deductive reasoning Nor is it Inductive reasoning.  It is a synergy of both and has elements that are unique to it and belong to no other social endeavour.  

From Wikipedia:

Deductive reasoning, sometimes called deductive logic, is reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments. In logic, an argument is said to be deductive when the truth of the conclusion is purported to follow necessarily or be a logical consequence of the premises and (consequently) its corresponding conditional is a necessary truth. Deductive arguments are said to be valid or invalid, never true or false. A deductive argument is valid if and only if the truth of the conclusion actually does follow necessarily (or is indeed a logical consequence of) the premises and (consequently) its corresponding conditional is a necessary truth. If a deductive argument is not valid then it is invalid. A valid deductive argument with true premises is said to be sound; a deductive argument which is invalid or has one or more false premises or both is said to be not sound (unsound).

An example of a deductive argument and hence of deductive reasoning:

All men are mortal

Socrates is a man

(Therefore,) Socrates is mortal

And again from Wikipedia:

Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is reasoning which takes us "beyond the confines of our current evidence or knowledge to conclusions about the unknown."[1] The premises of an inductive argument indicate some degree of support (inductive probability) for the conclusion but do not entail it; i.e. they do not ensure its truth. Induction is used to ascribe properties or relations to types based on an observation instance (i.e., on a number of observations or experiences); or to formulate laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns. Induction is employed, for example, in using specific propositions such as:

This ice is cold. (or: All ice I have ever touched was cold.)

This billiard ball moves when struck with a cue. (or: Of one hundred billiard balls struck with a cue, all of them moved.)

...to infer general propositions such as:

All ice is cold.

All billiard balls move when struck with a cue.

Another example would be:

3+5=8 and eight is an even number. Therefore, an odd number added to another odd number will result in an even number.

The Scientific Method uses elements of both and is a synergy between the two rather than just one or the other.

Again from Wikipedia:

 

Four essential elements[17][18][19] of a scientific method[20] are iterations,[21][22] recursions,[23] interleavings, and orderings of the following:

• Characterizations (observations,[24] definitions, and measurements of the subject of inquiry)

• Hypotheses[25][26] (theoretical, hypothetical explanations of observations and measurements of the subject)[27]

• Predictions (reasoning including logical deduction[28] from the hypothesis or theory)

• Experiments[29] (tests of all of the above)

Sir Aurthur Conan Doyle's Great Detective used Deductive Logic in nearly (I say nearly although I rather suspect that it was indeed all; however, it has been quite some time since I have read all of his stories so for the nonce I shall equivocate) ALL of his stories.  If you understood Doyle's Science background and his upbringing especially in reference to a aprticular Don of Chemistry he had during his formal education one Professor Bell, who became a template of the Great Detective, you would realize that Holmes used almost pure deduction which as we have seen from wiki starts with a premise that is supposed to be true and then falsifies each argument in turn until there are no more arguments left save one.  That one argument of course when left and assuming that the premise itself is true must also be true by the Identity principle: A union B must be equal to  B union A.  All things equal to each other must be equal to themselves.

Holmes actually makes reference to this in the story The Blanched Soldier:  "When you have eliminated all which is possible, then whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth."  This is the essence of deductive reaasoning or logic.  Assuming that the premise is true this particular method works 100% of the time provided that A the premise one starts with IS indeed true and B that you have investigated and eliminated ALL that is impossible for a given premise to be true and C that you have been honest with your self about both the premise and your observations. Indeed Holmes propounded on the latter quite vehemently in several stories where he is involved.  Case in point "A Scandal In Bohemia":  It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts.

Before you equate one argument to another or decide that one methodology must use a particular type of logic or reasoning.  Please make sure you understand the actual definition of both the Methodology AND the logic or reasoning.