From Voodoo to GeForce: The Awesome History of 3D Graphics
Try to imagine where 3D gaming would be today if not for the graphics processing unit, or GPU. Without it, you wouldn't be tredging through the jungles of Crysis in all its visual splendor, nor would you be fending off endless hordes of fast-moving zombies at high resolutions. For that to happen, it takes a highly specialized chip designed for parallel processing to pull off the kinds of games you see today, the same ones that wouldn't be possible on a CPU alone. Going forward, GPU makers will try to extend the reliance on videocards to also include physics processing, video encoding/decoding, and other tasks that where once handled by the CPU.
It's pretty amazing when you think about how far graphics technology has come. To help you do that, we're going to take a look back at every major GPU release since the infancy of 3D graphics. Join us as we travel back in time and relive releases like 3dfx's Voodoo3 and S3's ViRGE lineup. This is one nostalgiac ride you don't want to miss!
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S3 ViRGE
A virgin in the 3D graphics arena, S3 in 1995 thrust itself into this new territory with its ViRGE graphics series. Playing on the hype surrounding virtual reality a decade and a half ago, ViRGE stood for Virtual Reality Graphics Engine and was one of the first 3D GPUs to take aim at the mainstream consumer. While nothing compared to today’s offerings, early 64-bit ViRGE cards came with up to 4MB of onboard memory, and core and memory clockspeeds of up to 66MHz. It also supported such features as Bilinear and Trilinear texture filtering, MIP mapping, alpha blending, video texturing mapping, Z-buffering, and other 3D texture mapping goodies.
Ironically, those same ‘cutting edge’ features took a toll on the ViRGE silicon resulting in underwhelming 3D performance. In some cases, performance was so bad that users could obtain better results with the CPU, causing the ViRGE to be unaffectionate dubbed the first 3D decelerator. Ouch.
Fun Fact: Just how far has graphic cards come in the past 15 years? Enough so that we've seen the S3 ViRGE selling for as little as $0.45 in the second-hand market.

(Image Credit: Palcalova Sbirka)
Model: ViRGE
Date Released: 1995
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 6
Manufacturing Process: 0.35 micron
Core Clockspeed: 66MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit

(Image Credit: pctuning.tyden.cz)
Model: ViRGE VX
Date Released: 1995
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 6
Manufacturing Process: 0.5 micron
Core Clockspeed: 50MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit

(Image Credit: Wikipedia Commons)
Model: ViRGE GX
Date Released: 1997
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 6
Manufacturing Process: 0.35 micron
Core Clockspeed: 66MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit

(Image Credit: promptweb.co.uk)
Model: ViRGE DX
Date Released: 1997
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 6
Manufacturing Process: 0.35 micron
Core Clockspeed: 66MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit

(Image Credit: freewebs.com)
Model: ViRGE GX2
Date Released: 1998
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 6
Manufacturing Process: 0.35 micron
Core Clockspeed: 66MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit
ATI Rage 3D and Rage II
Well before Radeon ever became synonymous with ATI, the Canadian-based graphics chip maker was best known for its 3D Rage line. Released in 1995, the original Rage 3D didn't have a whole going for it, such as slow EDO RAM, a 32-bit memory bus, and a max memory of just 2MB.
A year later ATI released the Rage II, and while the upgrades seem minor on paper, performance was significantly improved. The new chipset traded in 2MB of EDO memory for up to 8MB of SDRAM and widened the bus to 64-bit, while also increasing the core clockspeed from 40MHz to 60MHz. Support for DVD playback was also added.

(Image Credit: ixbt.com)
Model: Rage II
Date Released: 1995
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 5
Manufacturing Process: 0.25 micron
Core Clockspeed: 25-60MHz
Memory Clockspeed: 66-83MHz
Memory Bus: 64- bit
Rendition Verite 1000
Headquartered in Mountain View, CA, Rendition emerged in the mid 1990s as a fabless semiconductor manufacturer whose goal was to compete in the high-end videocard market. Throughout the company's tenure, Rendition managed to get a leg up on the competition by working with John Carmack to develop the first 3D-accelerated version of Quake (VQuake, or Verite-accelerated Quake).
VQuake was designed to take advantage of the Verite 1000 chipset, which was launched in 1996. A year prior, Carmack stated "Verite will be the premier platform for Quake." The card came capable of bilinear filtering, perspective correcting, and a basic pipeline configuration of 1/1/1 (textures/pixels/Z).
Poor 2D performance proved problematic for the board, as did programming for the Verite. It was the latter which Carmack would later say led to iD's decision to move away from proprietary APIs to OpenGL.

(Image Credit: Wikipedia)
Model: Verite 2100
Date Released: 1996
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 2
Manufacturing Process: 0.5 micron
Core Clockspeed: 25MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit
3dfx Voodoo1
Like a modern day Greek Tragedy, the rapid rise and untimely demise of 3dfx can best be described as a wild roller-coaster ride that most enthusiasts wish would have never ended. And in a way, it didn't, as 3dfx had a tremendous hand in shaping the 3D market as we know it today. But every good story needs a beginning, and this one starts with the original Voodoo card, or otherwise known as the Voodoo1, released in 1996.
The Voodoo1 launched 3D gaming into the limelight, even if the add-in card's implementation was less than graceful. While other videocards fused both 2D and 3D functionality onto a single board, the Voodoo1 concentrated solely on 3D and lacked any 2D capabilities. This meant consumers still needed a 2D graphics card for day to day computing, which would be connected to the Voodoo1 via a VGA pass-through cable. Only when a compatible 3D videogame was detected would the Voodoo1 then wake out of its slumber and flex its gaming muscle.
It's hard to imagine such a design being successful today, but consumers were willing to cope with the costly inconvenience at the time because the Voodoo1 put every other available 3D card in a headlock and gave them a noogie.

Voodoo1: No Shader Model, DX3 support, 0.5 micron, PCI, 50MHz core, 64-bit
Model: Voodoo1
Date Released: 1996
Interface: PCI
Shader Model: N/A
DirectX: 3
Manufacturing Process: 0.5 micron
Core Clockspeed: 50MHz
Memory Clockspeed: 50MHz
Memory Bus: 64-bit
Transistors: 1 million
Next up, Nvidia makes it debut.
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December 04, 2011 at 2:38am
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mivpl
November 26, 2011 at 12:26am
coming to an end with so many pcs sold these days being laptops, and netbooks especially, where the emphasis is not on bleeding edge of high performance tech. I'm sure it'll continue a little, but not as unabated as it was a decade or so ago. memory foam mattress king size
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imigyjunia
November 13, 2011 at 10:54pm
The appearance of 3D graphics makes the world much different than before. Not only we now have a new way to view things, but also a better way to express what we want others to see.
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ahmed
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The appearance of 3D graphics makes the world much different than before.
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January 03, 2012 at 3:50am
The appearance of 3D graphics makes the world much different than before.
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imigyjunia
November 13, 2011 at 10:53pm
The appearance of 3D graphics makes the world much different than before. Not only we now have a new way to view things, but also a better way to express what we want others to see.
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ahmed
December 28, 2011 at 12:54am
I'm sure it'll continue a little, but not as unabated as it was a decade or so ago.
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is hard to make a choice between all of the different brands and products out there. Here I will outline some of the most important things to consider.Firstly, you should always look for good value for money. This goes without saying but in the cosmetics
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DaveSpace
July 17, 2011 at 6:07pm
wow man graphics have come such a long way it's hard to even fathom. thanks for posting this
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RCAIEFTIN
July 02, 2011 at 9:19pm
The first hot video cards were VESA Local Bus Windows Accelerators, like the ATI Mach32 (just like it sounds, they rendered panels in Windows 3.0 faster). The first 3D cards all had different proprietary interfaces. When PCI 3D cards came out a few months later, the games were still proprietary to the 3D chip, good luck buying any games other than the ones bundled with card, until "generic" API's like Glide and OpenGl came out.(asigurari locuinte)
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ahmed
December 31, 2011 at 12:45am
Today, there are so many 3D graphics card have been released in the market. I really want to know where it started and where it comes from.
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vivek paliwal
September 07, 2011 at 9:03pm
iphone 5 is really gonna a big surprise for all the iphone thanks to allow me to blog here i would like to say that on october iphone 5 is about to release so cross your fingers and it will have the expected features what we always demand from the Apple Inc.. iphone 5 is really gonna a big surprise for all the iphone lovers
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jameslinen
June 22, 2011 at 11:12pm
It was been discuss by our training instructor in my corporate training programs. In those years the history of 3D graphics was born and I was amazed of that.
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jeanymeets
June 22, 2011 at 10:33pm
Today, there are so many 3D graphics card have been released in the market. I really want to know where it started and where it comes from. Thank you for your time and effort of posting those 3D graphics historically. Ulcer Medication
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June 12, 2011 at 11:52pm
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February 18, 2011 at 1:03pm
I use GeForce to play my favorite race game "speed" very fast and got great picture quality.
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RCA ieftin
November 22, 2010 at 4:22am
I think this history is awesome if you follollow the evolution of technology. In very short time the computers avolved very much and the graphics in the same manner. The photos with evolution of the graphic cards are very nice too. rca ieftin
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October 29, 2010 at 10:03am
RCA ieftin well, this graphics card looks awesome to me.. I played Avatar 3d with a same video graphics motherware and the sensations was incredible
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October 22, 2010 at 10:44am
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Helen.Doris
June 22, 2010 at 2:19pm
The ViRGE was ultimately replaced by the Savage 3D in S3's top-end graphics segment in 1998. However, at least one derivative (Trio3D) of the ViRGE remained in production even after the discontinuation of the Savage 3D. pay day loan pay day loan canada
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u-r-a-johnson
July 24, 2009 at 7:51am
Just wanted to add:
I just bought an nVidia 260, the soup-up by BFG for $129! I paid attention and got the Core 192 model just like the MaxPC article said to. Even in a slot gimped to 8x this thing is sweet. Eye candy in games. So much screen resolution sometimes I have to turn on the Magnifier to read things. I'm tempted to get a second, but by the time I get $1200 saved up (Core i7-920, a huge Thermaltake, Rampage II Extreme, DDR3, Win7 (Preorder-I'm using the RC now)) there'll be a new power-cheapie. For now I love it.
Rick
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u-r-a-johnson
July 24, 2009 at 7:09am
Rick
I had one of those Rage 3d cards running in a P266 after some Waste of Flesh STOLE my Sony Vaio, and it was tolerable even in 2003! BTW: a good bud gave me both, and that was the last box I haven't hand-built thanx to MaxPC (primarily). I figured out how to install XP on the TINY HDD, and was golden from there: thanx to message boards.
Looking at that Old Rage 3d and thinking of playing Diablo 2 on it brings mixed feelings. Mostly that I had SOMETHING again, (just didn't have cash flow...) and guilt that I haven't talked to Dennis for too long. Now I'm saving up to buy a Core i-7 920 and Rampage II Extreme and should have that beauty perking over the 3.5 GHz line easy. *Ssssiiiighhhhhhhhhh*
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Lilrockerdude
July 20, 2009 at 10:11pm
I remeber the summer days playing Quake Unreal Command & Conquer and using some of these GPU's. The Vodoo 3 was one of my first than I stuck with ATI up till Nvidia hit the market. Been using them since Geforce2. Then I rememeber taking my 7900GTX and running everything no problems for the longest time. Then threw it out, throwing in an 8800...DAMN!!! the 7 to 8 seires was epic. It's just amazing how far graphic limitation has pushed its self year after year. Although I have to say the market has slowed because I remeber specs for one game being Geforce2 and then a month later a Geforce5 or better. Still running my 8800 but will wait for ATI or Nvidia to battle it out with Geforce300 or Radeon HD5000 to hit market before i take this bad boy out.
As for the coment about CPUs yeah CPUs have cooled off since the start of DualCore. I mean GPUs push themselves to new heights while CPUs shrink add a few cores and run. GPUs are the most important investment to make in a computer.
Just as a random thing to put in I love how people run $3000+ rigs and complain about GPU and CPU heat. I'm running a 4 year old HP with an AMD 4400+ with one 8800 GTX(stock cooling with a nice overclock) in 1280x1028 and my rig stays pretty chilly compared to other specs (and I live on the Gulf Coast of Texas which is the next hottest place to Arizona) I play every game (except Crysis at max no AA around 20fps) at max with 16x AA and still run 30fps or better for every game I own .
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Jupiter7
July 19, 2009 at 9:16am
That was a fun read even if a few of the pictures were off. It would have been nice though if the amount and type of memory were included in the specs for all the cards, i.e. 64MB of DDR RAM. For reference, inclusion of the price of the cards when they were released would have been a fun fact, but I guess if it was a high end it would be in the $400.00 and up range, not to mention the time it would take to look up that info. Not one mention of a 3Dlabs card. However a very enjoyable article that will stay in my favorites for ever.
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ZdProjects
June 28, 2009 at 11:58am
That was a great read. It was also really informative. Good job MAX PC!
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ahmed
December 26, 2011 at 12:59am
Technology advances so quickly and it's nice to see someone posting relevant information.
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jpules
May 21, 2009 at 3:35pm
great article. i've had this open for a couple of days and finally got back to finish it tonight. i moved on from gaming many moons back, when voodoos still ruled the roost, but now I feel i'm back with the zeitgeist. very interesting to see the progression of the technology over the years in terms of transistor counts, core and memory frequencies. along with CPUs, GPUs really were pushing the boundaries of what could be done in silicon foundries, and the gains they made due to such fierce competition are showing now with the somewhat true comments of the nvidia CEO that cpus are yesterday's news. however, you can't help but think the days of the biggest, hottest, fastest chip might be coming to an end with so many pcs sold these days being laptops, and netbooks especially, where the emphasis is not on bleeding edge of high performance tech. I'm sure it'll continue a little, but not as unabated as it was a decade or so ago.
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misterduffy
May 21, 2009 at 12:35pm
Well this feature sure brought back some old memories. I remember the Voodoo being hyped when it came out but was never in a position to own one. I worked in a computer shop and still remember the look of shock and disbelief on some kid's face when I told him a Voodoo card was £250. I hated nothing more than starting up a game that I knew had a 3dfx mode I couldn't use, Carmageddon being the main one. Over the years I've picked up old equipment here and there, building myself what would have been a ninja system in 1995. Presently it's got an Orchid-branded 3dfx card piggybacking a ViRGE VX/DX with the RAM maxed out. Good times.
It also made me remember the first time I played a DirectX game - it was a demo of 'The Hive' on Win95 - at the time the idea of playing games in Windows was still somewhat absurd. Gone were the days of tweaking autoexec.bat and config.sys to load as much as possible into upper memory!
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GrayBeard707
May 21, 2009 at 12:17pm
There's a couple of smaller players that didn't even get an honorable mention. In the late 1990's and very early 2000's, both Evans and Sutherland and 3dLabs had lines of video cards that were superior to the offerings of that era from Nvidia and ATI.
The main reason these are so rarely heard about is that their target audience was very high end CAD / CAM applications, they were sufficiently expensive that they were out of the reach of most gamers.
As an example, at the time it was a mainstream card, one of these puppies could account for over half the cost of an entire system. No, I am not kidding. They had price tags between $1,000 and $1,500. The other reason that E&S cards were not a gamer staple was the fact that they had no Windows 9X drivers. This required NT 3.51 or NT 4 as your operating system. 3dlabs may have had 9x drivers, I'm not that sure.
Sadly, E&S rested on their laurels a bit too long, and were very slow getting their last line of cards out: the Real Image 5x00 series. By the time these reached the market, top end Nvidia cards, such as the Quadro series, were approaching graphics horsepower of the E&S cards.
I'm not so sure about the history of 3dlabs, but if their web page is anything to go by, they also got out of the graphics card business. Most likely for the same reasons, they had a very similar business model to E&S.
That said, a great article. It made me get all misty eyed for a moment. My first ever video card was 2D only, a vintage 1991 Trident offering with (if I remember correctly), 512 kbytes of memory. And no, don't ask me to cite the model number, because I don't remember.
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refuge9
May 20, 2009 at 10:01am
They make mention of the ATi All In Wonder series, and it's start with the Radeon Rage 128, however, the All In Wonder series started with the Rage II+ as the 'ATi All In Wonder' followed up with the 'ATi All In Wonder Pro', which used a Rage Pro chip, and featured an upgradeable Memory system that took it from 4Mb to 8Mb. Also, the First Radeon based All In Wonder wasn't the 7500, but the Radeon All In Wonder, then the Radeon 7000 All In Wonder VE, then the AIW 7500. And there has been a AIW on every generation right up to the 1950XT based systems. Some used downgraded chips, some didn't. The AGP AIW x800XT was faster than the PCIe counterpart, because the PCIe version was a x800Pro. The Radeon 9800 AIW was also another card with full feature GPU on board, without the downgrade, and was the first TV card that featured an all silicon based tuner, rather than the usual philips analog tuner found up to that point.
They also missed mention of the pre-ViRGE Chips from S3, such as the 928, which was commonly found in high end workstation video cards by diamond MM and Number 9, as well as the Number 9 'Revolution' range of chips. (Revolution 3D and Revolution 4), as well has the 3D Labs (and later Creative Wildcat) series of cards. The Rev3D and Rev4 failed mostly because of the prevalance of the GLIDE APIs. They were highly competitive with DirectX, but it hadn't yet come into it's own by that point.
late '90s/early 200x contained a LOT of comptetion in the 3D market. Although I am extremely happy that PowerVR made it in the list, as they were a huge leap in thinking at the time, (So much so, that about 2 years ago, Intel licensed some of the technology for use in their larrabee chip) and such an underdog.
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aviaggio
May 19, 2009 at 10:08pm
was a Creative Graphics Blaster Exxtreme with a 3DLabs Permedia chip. In my then-naivete about 3D gaming I was persuaded by the liberal use of OpenGL on the packaging. Much to my dismay this card was anything but a gaming card -- it was more of a workstation card (which, btw, was NOT how it was portrayed by the packaging).
Anywho, it didn't take long for me to realize this thing was not going to play OpenGL games, and I quickly added a Voodoo 2 after doing some research this time around. And it wasn't long after I picked up another Voodoo 2 for SLI gaming goodness!
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CyyberSpaceCowboy
May 19, 2009 at 9:51pm
The first hot video cards were VESA Local Bus Windows Accelerators, like the ATI Mach32 (just like it sounds, they rendered panels in Windows 3.0 faster). The first 3D cards all had different proprietary interfaces. When PCI 3D cards came out a few months later, the games were still proprietary to the 3D chip, good luck buying any games other than the ones bundled with card, until "generic" API's like Glide and OpenGl came out.
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carlosmessi
May 19, 2009 at 4:51pm
In 10 years, look at all the roads behind. But guess what, we have a lot way to go, and with the experience we have, we will get there faster. It's important to know the history of cards to know how we get there.
CEO of Shop Carefully
http://www.shopcarefully.com
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lightwave
May 19, 2009 at 4:28pm
1990, 3d Labs first board GLINT - at something like $4,000 was my first 3D board in a PC. And if I remember it correctly, it was on ISA bus...
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instant0
May 19, 2009 at 1:31pm
Hey, What about the Nvidia NV-1?
I used it to play specially made 3D games by SEGA for it, such as Virtua Fighter and Daytona. It even let you use the SEGA Saturn Joypads. And it had Audio
Diamond MultiMedia sold cards based on this chip.
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ahmed
December 27, 2011 at 2:41am
A total of 3 pass through cables to finally get a signal to my monitor.
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Kithera
May 19, 2009 at 12:43pm
Man Oh Man this was a trip down memory lane.
I remember having a trident card in my first computer, a 486, and struggling to get descent DOS VESA support in it for games like SimCity2.Thank God Warcraft 2 came with a descent universal DOS VESA driver.
I also remember building my first personal (P2, 350MHz, around 1997) machine. I had to build it in parts as a Wendy's paycheck only went so far. Initially I got the Intel i740 above as a cheap stand in that could at least do some video. By the time I left high school that guy had a Riva TNT and a pair of Voodoo2's in it (all three were Canopus), as well as a seperate Creative Labs DVD Decoder card.A total of 3 pass through cables to finally get a signal to my monitor.
Iremember at the time Canopus really made some of the best videocards.Working to improve the native reference designs when everyone else was just slaping their labels on them.
I also remember having to jump through hoops to get a lot of those early windows games to run nicely. Most notably for me was Final Fantasy 7 PC which would not (and still doesn't) render properly on nvidia hardware.
As a side note, that was the last time I got top of the line video hardware. Since then I would often get cheap second hard hardware from my friends when they would update. First a Geforce 4, then a 6600. Only recently when the 6600's fan failed and the chip melt did I finally actual buy a retail card, a "budget" 9800.
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ahmed
December 14, 2011 at 4:42am
A total of 3 pass through cables to finally get a signal to my monitor.
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tyler2k
May 19, 2009 at 8:34am
On page 6, the blue board/heat sink card named as the "Kyro II" is actually the Hercules 3D Prophet III which was a nVidia GeForce 3 card, here's a better picture for proof.
http://www.activewin.com/reviews/hardware/graphics/hercules/3dprophetIII/images/box3dp3.jpg
I previously owned that card and instantly recognized that it was wrong.















