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Don’t let the ancient UI fool you; it’s not as scary as it looks
You’ll need the latest LiveCD for your processor—either 64-bit (AMD64) or 32-bit (i386). Download the LiveCD ISO from FreeNAS.org or SourceForge and burn it to a CD using image-burning software such as ImgBurn. There’s also a method for flashing a FreeNAS image directly to a bootable CompactFlash card—instructions can be found here.
Go into the BIOS (usually by hitting Del or F10 during startup) and give boot priority to the CD drive. FreeNAS will load from the disc and present a numbered menu labeled Console Setup.
Select option 9) Install/Upgrade to hard drive/flash device, etc. In the next screen, pick option 3) Install ‘full’ OS on HDD + DATA + SWAP. You’ll be prompted to select the CD drive containing the LiveCD, which should be cd0, then the destination media—ad4, in our case. (FreeNAS, as a FreeBSD distro, uses device codes, not drive letters, for its drives.)
Next, you’ll be prompted to set a size for the OS partition. We chose the minimum size: 128MB, which is plenty—all your data will be stored on a separate partition. Now you’ll set your swap partition size. We went with the default again here, which gave us a swap size of 1,684MB.
After you’ve chosen your OS and swap-partition sizes, FreeNAS will install on your system. Once it’s finished, the screen will display some important information. Specifically, make note of the instructions for mounting the data and swap partitions. And make note: The data partition has been formatted in UFS, so don’t reformat it unless you want to use ZFS (see sidebar). After you’ve written down the information on the screen (which we’ll cover again later, don’t worry), you can remove the CD and restart the computer.
Once you’ve restarted the machine, go back into the BIOS. Go to the Boot menu and change the boot priority back to your hard drive. Save your changes and exit the BIOS. FreeNAS should boot from the disk and return to the original Console Setup menu. Before we head over to FreeNAS’s WebGUI, where we’ll do most of the configuration, we have a few more things to do here.
Select option 1) Assign interfaces, just to make sure your Ethernet connection is detected and working. Your Ethernet interface name will probably be the first two or three letters of your chipset, followed by a number. Ours is ale0. After you’ve assigned the first port, you can assign others (if you have more than one Ethernet port on your motherboard), or finish and exit the configuration.
You’ll want to give your FreeNAS server a static IP address, to prevent your DHCP server from assigning it a different IP every time the server reboots. First, go to a computer on your local network and run cmd.exe. Enter the command line ipconfig
/all and make note of that computer’s IP address, subnet mask, DNS server, and default gateway.
Now go back to the NAS. Select option 2) Set LAN IP address. FreeNAS will ask if you want to use DHCP for this interface. Select No. The next screen will prompt you for a new LAN IPv4 address. Use something in the same subnet as your other computers—often, this will be some variant on 192.168.1.* or 192.168.0.*. (You'll need to go into your router's config and reserve the IP you chose.)
In the next screen, use the subnet mask bit count that corresponds to your other computers’ subnet mask (most users will use 24). And in the next screen, when it asks for your default gateway, enter your router’s IP address. Finally, you’ll set your DNS IPv4 address, which is the DNS Server address you got from ipconfig on your Windows machine.
Once all this is completed, make note of the new IP address. You’ll use that to access the WebGUI. And now it’s configuration time!
By default, FreeNAS formats its data storage with UFS (Unix File System). FreeNAS actually warns against formatting in NTFS, the default Windows file system, and you won’t want to format your NAS in FAT32—not if you have any files larger than 4GB, that is. So UFS is the best option for most people. But FreeNAS recently implemented support for ZFS, the Zettabyte File System. Instead of being a single-drive file system, ZFS manages a pool of virtual devices, which can be partitions or whole drives.
Advantages include one file system for all your storage, seamless addition of devices, and the ability to set up RAID-Z redundancy easily. Unfortunately, ZFS is still experimental on FreeNAS, and it does have limitations—the biggest of which is that it is a local file system and doesn’t handle multiple access requests well. There’s also no provision
for defragmentation.
If you do choose to try ZFS on your FreeNAS server, you should configure it from the beginning. You can do so under Disks › ZFS in the WebGUI.
Comments are closed on this article
ldillon
March 02, 2011 at 10:02am
Nice article oferall (grate pictures)
What I'd really liek to see in one of these NAS reviwews is what happens when things go wrong. Specifically, I'd like to see how well the devices handle rebuilding the array after a drive fails.
I've read a bunch of reviews of various NAS appliances but none ever talk about the inevitable drive failure situation other than to say that "it's supported".
I also never see backing up NAS devices addressed.
surefire flashlights
November 30, 2010 at 12:26am
The post is really very interesting, thanks for sharing the tips...surefire flashlights
streamlight fla...
November 24, 2010 at 6:47am
WOW, this is truly awesome, thanks for sharing your ideas, it is really very helpful... streamlight flashlights
jao701
November 13, 2010 at 7:22pm
Is there any chance that you would be able to update the specs with currently available hardware? I am mainly interested in the Motherboard and processor. Not sure what makes one better choice for this application.
Gusdawg
May 02, 2010 at 6:48am
I was hopeful FreeNAS would be as advertised... and it is, almost. I have three major problems however. One was acceptable but the other two are going to make me spend $100 on WHS (probably). I'm using an M6805 laptop and large (630GB) external USB HD.
Problems:
1. The external USB hard drive support is flaky. Most of the folders and files in the root of the External HD share will dissapear often. I'll try to play a song or movie from my library and it won't be there! The external HD is formatted UMB. The files return after a reboot of the FreeNAS PC. I don't think the internal HD has the same issue from what I can tell. However for my Laptop/External HD setup this is a showstopper.
2. My XBOX 360 just will not play nicely with the UPnP media server. I've messed with this for months now... I have it setup with the name: "Mediashare: xbox" profile: "Microsoft XBOX 360" and transcoding is enabled. The XBOX sees the media(if error 1 isnt in effect) but cannot play any music or videos. This is also a showstopper.
3. When the external HD was formatted with NTFS files became corrupted randomly. This is a known issue and I tried to get around it by formatting the drive to UMB.
I'd love to save the $100 bucks and keep FreeNAS if I can fix problems 1 and 2. Any ideas?
I really love the web interface, utilities, integrated ftp/torrent/firefly, and price so it's too bad FreeNAS is unstable for me. Alternatively I may try installing on an old PC with an internal HD and just live with the extra power usage...
ldillon
March 02, 2011 at 10:15am
It may be that either the on-board USB controler or the external USB drive isn't 100% compatible. All of this stuff is supposed to work together, but reality is sometimes different.
Sometimes hardware is designed poorly and they put a work-around in the Windows driver but never publish the information so the open-source folks can fix their driver.
Try a different manufacture's external USB drive.
schwhop1
February 13, 2010 at 9:06pm
Followed the instructions completely, I believe, but when I go to Explorer, find the server and the shared partition, and try to Map the drive, it tells me I don't have access. I didn't do anything outside of what the article mentioned, only have one partition set up - any ideas?
Rouser
September 14, 2010 at 11:33am
I followed the instructions step-by-step also, and I can't map the drive for the very same reason; I don't have access. What gives?
Was this ever addressed? Would like to get this resolved; I even went to the FreeNAS forum and it's tough enough wording my problem properly in the SEARCH field without getting a ton of unrelated hits. Help!
KimVVK1452
January 26, 2010 at 6:12pm
I read this article from page to page because I wanted to do exactly what it suggests; use old parts to create a home server. This article gives instructions based on one HD and installing the FreeNAS OS on it. I wanted a different setup. I wanted to create RAID 5 with four 500 GB HD and install the OS on a thumb drive. This setup instruction is not that, however between this article, www.freenas.org site and some online forums I was able to piece together what I was looking for. Mind you, it took the entire weekend and a lot of trial and error.
What I liked about this article is that it gave me a starting place and defined some settings that I would not have figured out on my own. There was one catch took me some extra time to figure out. I wanted to put access restrictions to the server. The reason is I have an apt. attached to my house and provide the tenant internet access though my network. It was not until I read about defining group access, which is I found at another forum site, before I was able to set this up.
I agree this article is limited in its approach but it got me in the right direction.
I have my FreeNAS server up and running. The OS system is installed on a 2 GB thumb drive and I have four 500 GB SATA HD running in RAID 5 mode (total available disk space 1,350 GB or there about, loose one HD capacity in making the RAID 5 configuration). I have set up a group access, which requires a user name and PW to gain access to the server. My PC OS system is Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit and I have no interface problems between the two system.
Now I can store my ripped movies, music, and photos here and gain access to them from any other PC in the house. This makes it easy to watch movies on my big screen TV. I hook up my LapTop to the HDMI port; connect to the FreeNAS server and WiFi stream the move to my Laptop/ TV. It works and makes me happy.
mayrken
September 16, 2010 at 3:49pm
I was wondering which File System you choose? I really want to use NTFS...I know I would have to keep it defrag, which is no problem....but I just dont get why people are getting file corruption with NTFS?
On the WEB Interface...I understand the technology but they stated you can get access outside your Network your FreeNas. You would have to get an additional IP from your ISP or just register your main IP coming from your ISP to some Free Domain Service http://www.dyndns.com/
ldillon
March 02, 2011 at 10:08am
No, you really don't want to use NTFS under anything but Windows. FreeBSD and Linux try to to work well with NTFS, but due to the propriatary nature of NTFS, developing drivers has proven very difficult.
Read-only support is pretty good, but I wouldn't trust read-write support.
gsheppard07
January 26, 2010 at 3:42pm
When I search for that motherboard on Newegg, I come across what seems to be an overkill mobo (not even my main system has that many USB ports). I was wondering if I substituted a few parts out?
I found this ASUS mobo (which will fit the suggested CPU): ASUS M4A785T-M (link)
It's a micro ATX board, which suits me better since I have an old micro case from an old HP. Also, I have the 250W PSU which came with that case which I never used. If I'm only running 1 drive (for now) will 250W be sufficient? If not, I'm upgrading my newer desktop with a better PSU and the server can have its old one.
Thanks for the guide, though. I'm really excited to have a media server which will also handle torrents overnight.
TafferBoy
January 18, 2010 at 1:04am
Your instructions leave a lot to be desired. Followed them, and cannot mount anything other than the OS disc. I am running 1 hard drive you said would be partitioned by FreeNAS. The magazine article is similarly flawed. Could you have average people test your instructions before you publish them? This isn't the first time you guys leave out important details, or publish something flawed.
nedwards
January 20, 2010 at 1:03pm
It's hard to tell what's missing from the article based on your comment, TafferBoy. Please note, though, that simply running the install (HDD & DATA & SWAP) thing from the install will set up your FreeNAS server correctly with an OS partition and a swap partition, and a partition for data, you have to go to the section Add a Data Disk on page 5 of this article and follow the instructions there.
robgibbons
January 12, 2010 at 1:52pm
This is great advise, and it seems like not a lot of expense to get a basic system up and running.
How would something like this compare as a website server compared to say server hosting from a traditional provider? Could it even be used as that or just as a home network?
Chef098
December 28, 2009 at 2:40pm
What would be an even lower power CPU I could use? Would an Atom even be able to handle this software or streaming video? I really want to go small and VERY power savy. Suggestions?
pcfxer
December 18, 2009 at 5:19pm
Excellent article! When tuning FreeNAS you must remember, YMMV. One option may work for some and not work for others, that is how it is.
Content Chemist
December 08, 2009 at 5:29am
Great article. Definitely gonna build one. But want to find out what you think about these minor upgrades:
Case:
http://www.antec.com/Believe_it/product.php?id=Njk3
(The 200 is a bit Darth Vaderish!)
CPU:
Athlon II x2 Dual-core 250 ( 3.0ghz )
RAM:
4GB
Also, as I add more drives how much of a larger PSU do I need? 650W?
Tx.
dizzy1
December 02, 2009 at 7:29pm
I have been repairing an old machine of mine to play around with amahi. I have played around with it a little in a vm and it looks good but is a project that is more for people somewhat comfortable with terminal in linux. Also you need to configure its ip and network addresses online and then install it with the generated key. this method is a little clunky but the amahi project makes the server a dns and dhcp server and it makes an entry in its dns tables for a web interface that is used for configuration. An install comes with a free ddns subname (to get things from server from other networks). It also has an almost no-config vpn tunnel back to your home network. On the config pages you can install new server apps with web interfaces that require little config (username/password). I am sure this will become a very nice server system in the near future.
AlBSure
December 02, 2009 at 2:58pm
hello i currently have Openfiler for a nas which i love, but i'm trying FreeNAS in vm n i see theres the stream features that OPenfiler does not have. my questions is can i connect FreeNAS to my music DB on Openfiler thru some form of linux or even to a unc path. thanks
rcolbeck
December 02, 2009 at 8:49am
I'm in the market for NAS box. WHS or opensource.. I am curious if anybody has experience with this http://www.amahi.org/ they have a wealth of plug-ins.
How does it compare aganist WHS and FREEnas?
mattman059
December 02, 2009 at 5:30am
Does FreeNAS support 64 bit operations, like using over 4GB ram and take advantage of 64bit processing?
BAMT
December 02, 2009 at 1:44pm
Indeed 64 bit is supported. Download the AMD64 CD and you're good to go. I think the other poster means that FreeNAS will not require that much memory as the disk(s) are most likely faster than your network connection, thus caching data will not provide noticeable boosts in performance. Also note that the OS doesn't even use 100 MB of RAM itself.
TesserId
December 02, 2009 at 10:38am
Almost certainly not; you wouldn't want to waste that kind of hardware on a home server.
Hardware requirements in the server world just don't work the way
they do in the desktop world. GUI's and their associated GUI applications are memory and CPU pigs, while
servers are sleek, optimized worker bees. And, the
big commercial servers that have the heavy hitting hardware are doing a lot
more work and serving a lot more users then you can expect to find at home.On the other hand, for more of a comercial grade NAS, look at OpenFiler.
jrbales
December 02, 2009 at 3:02am
I'd used WHS as my backup server since the OS was released. There were several things that I found a pain. One was that I always seemed to have problems with the Connector software. It seems llike every time I got it to work, MS would have a WHS update that required me to download and install new Connector software. Now, I'm not a newbie to computers but it seems like I had to spend a lot of time trying to get the new connector to recognize the WHS server again. The other problem was trying to uninstall a WHS version of an antivirus program. I was never able to successfully uninstall the program. I spent hours and it's still sitting on the hard disk. About a month before Windows 7 was released, I turned off WHS and as yet have not tried to download and install the connector on Windows 7.
A few weeks ago I ran across another article on FreeNAS and decided to give it a shot as I've tried PC-BSD and FreeNAS is based on FreeBSD. I did some research online and found some very good articles about installing and configuring FreeNAS. I had an extra computer sitting around and decided to install on it. One of the great things about FreeNAS is its small installation size - only about 78MB - and that it can be installed on a USB drive or a Compact Flash (CF) card. I found a CF/IDE adapter and a 2MB CF card (way overkill) at Fry Electronics. I set this up inside my computer and connected the adapter to the IDE drive connection on the motherboard.
FreeNAS had absolutely no problems recognizing and installing on the CF card. My two hard disks in the system are strictly data disks. The system boots fast; once booted, my understanding is that FreeNas runs on system memory so there's very little reason for the OS to further access the CF card after bootup.
I want to make it clear, I'm not a computer professional, just a home user that likes to build computers and play with different operating systems (though I still prefer Windows for my everyday use). With that said, I admit that FreeNAS has a larger learning curve than WHS (pretty automated setup and configuration from start to finish). It took me much more time to install FreeNAS but in the end, I learned a lot about mounting and configuring hard drives, setting up network connections, etc. There's a lot of great step-by-step articles on the web that walk you thru setup and configuration. I appreciate the flexibility and power offered by FreeNAS and, very important in this lousy economy), IT'S COMPLETELY FREE! If you don't mind getting your hands a little dirty, you'll like FreeNAS. If you want a a home server where installation and configuration are mostly automated, stick with WHS.
Taigi
December 01, 2009 at 11:30pm
Let me preface this with the fact that I am a huge fan of FreeNAS...
For those of you who have messed around with Windows Server OSes, there is a bit of a warning. There is currently a problem that has yet to be resolved with SMB (and WinBind) on FreeNAS. After adding the NAS to the domain (which works pretty smoothly) you can add and remov files and folders just fine. But changing permissions (and setting Owners) results in a dialog telling you, the Administrator of the whole forest (!!!!) that you don't have adequate permission to do that.
The problem appears to be with WinBind mapping the accounts and groups from Windows to Unix users and groups. While you can preform some command line magic that results in FreeNAS showing you all of the users and groups, undoubtedly when you access the files or folders on the NAS drives, you are not quite recognized as any of those users or groups. The only items in the permissions tab are Root and Wheel, and no others may enter...
If any of you readers have any ideas on how to fix it, it would make me eternally grateful. Otherwise, the FreeNAS OS still kicks ass, just not so hard as Chuck Norris...
Tigey
Build a man a fire, and he'll be warm for a day. Set a man on fire, and he'll be warm for the rest of his life. - Terry Pratchett
samaycsa
December 01, 2009 at 11:18pm
Great article Nathan, very informative. I totally agree with the plus sides of having a centralized NAS server,
ease of administration, security and backups, plus you don't have to go to so many different places looking
for your data.I just wanted to add that folks who really want to try FreeNAS (of which I am great fan of),
can also try it without using any additional hardware just to get comfortable with.
They can download VMWare virtual appliance free from the VMWare site or build there own virtual machine
for FreeNAS. With such a small foot print that FreeNAS has, the performance hit in a virtual machine is
hardly noticible to a home user.If you want, I have done two step by step articles on setting up FreeNAS as a virtual machine, you
can have a look at them at
http://indiawebsearch.com/content/how-to-configure-a-vmware-virtual-machine-for-freenas-installationand http://indiawebsearch.com/content/how-to-perform-initial-freenas-configuration
Any comments and feedback are most appreciated.
foamcup
December 01, 2009 at 8:17pm
I do love WHS, but this looks good too. I'll dig up some parts and make a box to test it out.
